ZX Spectrum Emulation on the R36S

Full setup guide, controls, quirks & BASIC programming

Overview

G'day guys! If you grew up in the UK in the 80s, or if you're into retro computing, you probably already know the ZX Spectrum.

Released in 1982, it was built to be affordable, and went on to sell over 5 million units. Fast forward to today, and you can run it perfectly on your R36S.

This guide covers everything: setup, controls, game quirks, and even BASIC programming.

Tested on dArkOS-RE 03082026

ROMs & File Types

Most commonly used format:

No BIOS required!
Place your Games in /easyroms/zxspectrum/

Emulator Setup

There's nothing to configure initially - just load a game.

Controls & Input

ZX Spectrum games do NOT use standard controls. You must configure input per game.

RetroArch Menu > Quick Menu > Controls > Port 1 > Device Type
    

Common joystick types:

Try different joystick types if the Gamepad does nothing. Some games will have a splash or setup screen which makes it easier.

Default mapping:

On-Screen Keyboard

Press Select to open the keyboard.

Each key has multiple functions - this is where things get confusing.
Use the D-pad to select a key and the A Button to enter it.

The Spectrum keyboard uses layered inputs (keywords, symbols, letters).
See Basic Programming Below for Details.

BASIC Programming

To enter BASIC:

Retroarch Menu > Close Content > Load Core > Sinclair ZX Spectrum > Start Core
    

There are 3 input modes:

Press Symbol Shift + Caps Lock using the On-Screen Keyboard to toggle between modes.

In Keyword mode (K), the keys will enter the keyword on the bottom of the key like PRINT, GOSUB, etc

In Letter mode (L), the keys will enter the character in the middle of the key, like the alphabet and numbers
In this mode, CAPS LOCK does what you would expect and toggles between upper and lowercase

In Extended mode (E), you can enter the green text above the keys like SIN, COS and TAN
Pressing SYMBOL SHIFT in this mode will let you instead enter the red text below the keys like some special characters and other functions

Example

PRINT "HELLO"

This should print HELLO at the top left of the screen after hitting RETURN

ZX Spectrum BASIC is extremely painful without experience, and is very different from something like C64 Basic where you just enter the commands.

USB Keyboard Support

You need to enable it in Retroarch Settings before you can use it

Retroarch Menu > Back to Main Menu > Settings > Input > Max Users > 2
Back to Main Menu > Quick Menu > Controls > Port 2 > Device Type > Sinclair Keyboard
	

By default, a lot of hotkeys will also be configured to keyboard keys (like P for Pause). You will need to unbind these to gain access to the full keyboard.

Retroarch Menu > Back to Main Menu > Settings > Input > Hotkeys
Unbind any Hotkey mapped to a Keyboard Key by pressing Y
	

Make sure to save the settings once you are happy with it

RA quick menu > Controls > Manage Remap > save either GAME or DIRECTORY if you want it for all ZX Spectrum games
	
Do NOT change Port 1 from built in gamepad to USB Keyboard or you wont be able to navigate the Retroarch Menu.
Make sure to Rebind the Hotkeys back for the Gamepad!

Works for Games, but is tricky to use in BASIC without custom ZX Spectrum Keycap Stickers so you know what each key does.

Great ZX Spectrum Games

Platformers

Manic Miner

Classic, tough-as-nails platformer

Jet Set Willy

Huge map, very unforgiving

Chuckie Egg

Fast-paced and addictive

Bruce Lee

Simple but super fun combat platforming

Action / Arcade

Atic Atac

Fast dungeon exploration classic

Saboteur!

Stealth-action with great atmosphere

Green Beret

Arcade-style action

Commando

Classic top-down shooter

Puzzle / Strategy

Head Over Heels

Brilliant isometric puzzle game

Knight Lore

Revolutionary early 3D-style gameplay

Alien 8

Complex isometric puzzle adventure

The Great Escape

Open-ended prison escape strategy

Adventure

Dizzy II: Treasure Island

Charming and accessible puzzle adventure

Skool Daze

Unique school-life sandbox experience

Back to Skool

Expanded sequel with more freedom

Everyone's a Wally

Multi-character gameplay with puzzle elements

Shooters

R-Type

Impressive arcade conversion

Uridium

Fast horizontal shooter

Xevious

Classic vertical shooter

Zynaps

Smooth and responsive gameplay

Tips & Quirks

Final Thoughts

Despite its age, the ZX Spectrum still has a massive library of great games, and most run perfectly on the R36S.

BASIC programming is more of a novelty here, but it's cool that it works at all.